How Does a Child Sexual Assault Case Become Federal?

 Posted on November 06, 2025 in Federal Crimes

A conviction in federal court for sexually abusing a child can lead to decades in prison, lifetime registration as a sex offender, and permanent damage to your reputation and future. If you have been accused of child sexual assault in Texas, you need to know when and why a case might be prosecuted federally.

Get answers to your questions and the help you need from a Texas federal criminal defense attorney with experience fighting federal child sex abuse charges.

What Makes a Child Sexual Assault Case a Federal Crime?

Most sexual assault cases, including those involving minors, are handled by state courts under Texas law. However, certain factors can cause a case to fall under federal jurisdiction. These typically involve conduct that crosses state lines, uses federal property, or violates federal statutes.

A child sexual assault case can become federal in the following circumstances:

The Alleged Crime Crossed State or National Borders

If the person accused or the alleged victim traveled across state lines for the purpose of engaging in sexual activity that violates the law, or if communication happened between different states, the federal government may take control of the case. When any part of a crime involves more than one state, it can become a federal case.

Interstate or International Communication Was Involved

The use of the internet, cell phones, or any electronic device that sends messages across state or national borders can give the federal government jurisdiction. This includes accusations of online grooming or sending/receiving sexually explicit material involving minors.

The Alleged Offense Occurred on Federal Property

Crimes that happen on military bases, national parks, government buildings, or other federal property fall under federal law. Because the land is controlled by the federal government, state courts do not handle these cases.

Federal Agencies Were Involved in the Investigation

If federal agencies such as the FBI, Homeland Security Investigations (HSI), or the Department of Justice (DOJ) conduct the investigation, the case is almost always prepared as a federal prosecution. Federal agents have nationwide authority, so when they take the lead, it usually means the government believes the crime involved federal laws or interstate activity.

What Are Common Federal Charges Involving Child Sexual Assault?

Federal prosecutors often pursue charges that go beyond traditional state-level sexual assault offenses. Common federal charges include:

• Sexual exploitation of a child (production of child pornography)

• Transportation of a minor for illegal sexual activity

• Coercion or enticement of a minor

• Possession, receipt, or distribution of child pornography

• Sex trafficking of a minor

• Travel with intent to engage in illegal sexual conduct

Each of these crimes carries extremely harsh penalties, including mandatory minimum prison sentences. For example, the federal penalty for production of child pornography can start at 15 years in prison and increase significantly if there are aggravating factors.

How Does a Lawyer Fight a Federal Child Sexual Assault Case?

Federal sex crime cases require a strategic, aggressive defense. The evidence is often highly technical, involving digital files, internet records, and computer analysis. 

A strong defense will depend on the facts of the case. Strategies include challenging how evidence was obtained. If there are flaws or misconduct in federal investigations, an attorney can try to expose them. An attorney may also question the credibility of witnesses and alleged victims or argue that the defendant lacked criminal intent. In many cases, the best option is negotiating to reduce or dismiss charges before trial.

Call a Texas Federal Criminal Defense Lawyer Today

If you are being investigated or have been charged with a federal child sexual assault offense, do not wait to get help. Federal cases move fast, and prosecutors will already be building their case against you.

At The Crowder Law Firm, P.C., we provide free consultations to review your situation, explain your rights, and talk about your defense options. With decades of experience and a track record of success in high-stakes cases, we will fight aggressively to protect your freedom and your future.

Call 214-544-0061 today to speak directly with an experienced Collin County federal criminal defense lawyer for sex crimes against children.